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Hillbilly Highway
In the United States, the Hillbilly Highway is the out-migration of residents of the Appalachian Mountains to industrial cities in northern, midwestern, and western states, primarily in the years following World War II. The word hillbilly refers to a negative stereotype of people from the Appalachians.
Many of these Appalachian migrants went to major industrial centers such as Detroit, Cleveland〔Ruy Teixeira, ''Red, Blue, & Purple America: The Future of Election Demographics'', Brookings Institution Press (September 2008), Pg 53.〕 or Chicago,〔Roger Guy, ''From Diversity to Unity: Southern and Appalachian Migrants in Uptown Chicago, 1950-1970'', Lexington Books (July 15, 2009), pg 14.〕 while others traveled west to California.〔Patrick Hook, ''Harley Davidson: The Complete History'', PRC Publishing (April 28, 2003), pg 6.〕 While most often used in this metaphoric sense, the term is sometimes used to refer to specific stretches of roadway, such as U.S. Route 23,〔Howard Dorgan, ''In the Hands of a Happy God: the "No-Hellers" of Central Appalachia'', University of Tennessee Press; 1 edition (April 23, 1997), pg 164.〕 or Interstate 75.〔Loretta Lynn & George Vecsey, ''Loretta Lynn: Coal Miner's Daughter'', Vintage (September 21, 2010), Ch 4.〕
==Appalachia==
(詳細はAppalachia includes the whole of West Virginia, and parts of Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia.〔According to the Appalachian Regional Commission, see http://www.arc.gov/index.do?nodeId=2〕 The Appalachian Regional Commission, a federal-state partnership that currently focuses on economic and infrastructure development, was created in the 1960s to address poverty and unemployment in the region. In FY 2007, the Appalachian Regional Commission designated 78 counties in 9 states as distressed, based on low per-capita income and high rates of poverty and unemployment ≠〔(ARC | ARC Designated-Distressed Counties, Fiscal Year 2007 )〕 (of 410 counties in 13 states included as Appalachian).〔(ARC | Economic Overview )〕 The ARC notes that some severely distressed areas still lack basic infrastructure, such as water and sewer systems.〔 The 1990 Census indicated that the poverty rate in central rural Appalachia was 27 percent.〔 In West Virginia, the 2000 poverty rate statewide was 17.9%; in nine counties more than a quarter of the population lived below the poverty line, with percentages as high as 37.7%.〔Poverty Rates in Appalachia, 2000: West Virginia.〕 Un- and under-employment rates are higher than the nation’s average.〔 Breathitt County, Kentucky had a 9.9% unemployment rate averaged over 2001-2003, a 33.2% poverty rate in 2000 (down from a twenty-year high of 39.5% in 1990), and only 57.5% of adults had high school diplomas in 2000.〔ARC Regional Data Results, Socioeconomic Data: Breathitt County, Kentucky.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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